Nitrato de Chile [ES-EN]

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Esta fotografía fue tomada a la entrada del casco urbano de la ciudad de Santa Cruz de la Palma (islas Canarias) y muestra un antiguo cartel publicitario del conocido nitrato de Chile.

El desierto de Atacama se localiza en la parte norte de Chile y tiene una extensión de más de 1.500 km. de longitud y 150 km. de ancho. Se trata de un desierto muy árido que posee grandes yacimientos de salitre, una sustancia con apariencia de cristales blancos formada por una mezcla de nitrato de sodio y nitrato de potasio. Durante el siglo XIX se empezó a explotar masivamente este compuesto debido a la gran versatilidad y utilidad que ofrece en la fabricación de diferentes productos, como fertilizantes, explosivos o aditivos alimentarios.

Dado que el desierto de Atacama es el único lugar del planeta con yacimientos naturales de salitre, Chile se convirtió en el único y gran exportador de esta sustancia hasta mediados del siglo XX.

En España los fertilizantes a base de nitratos de Chile monopolizaron el mercado de tal forma que en muchos pueblos y ciudades de país comenzaron a aparecer carteles publicitarios fabricados con azulejos cerámicos elaborados en fábricas especializadas de Valencia. Estos carteles contenían la figura de un campesino a caballo diseñado en un estilo art decó propio de la década de los años 20.

Antiguamente era costumbre colocar este tipo de carteles a la entrada de municipios españoles sobre todo dedicados a la agricultura como reclamo publicitario para los campesinos. Hoy en día los pocos que quedan, como el de esta fotografía, han sido restaurados y declarados bien de interés cultural.


This photograph was taken at the entrance to the town of Santa Cruz de la Palma (Canary Islands) and shows an old advertising poster for the well-known nitrate from Chile.

The Atacama Desert is located in the northern part of Chile and is more than 1,500 km long and 150 km wide. It is a very arid desert with large deposits of saltpetre, a white crystalline substance formed by a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate. During the 19th century, this compound began to be massively exploited due to its great versatility and usefulness in the manufacture of different products, such as fertilisers, explosives and food additives.

Given that the Atacama Desert is the only place on the planet with natural saltpetre deposits, Chile became the only major exporter of this substance until the middle of the 20th century.

In Spain, nitrate-based fertilisers from Chile monopolised the market to such an extent that in many towns and cities in the country, advertising posters made of ceramic tiles produced in specialised factories in Valencia began to appear. These posters contained the figure of a peasant on horseback designed in an art deco style typical of the 1920s.

In the past it was customary to place this type of poster at the entrance to Spanish municipalities, especially those dedicated to agriculture, as an advertisement for the peasants. Today, the few that remain, such as the one in this photograph, have been restored and declared an asset of cultural interest.

Original photo taken with an Iphone XR

References:

https://www.hoy.es/extremadura/junta-declarara-bien-20220606102641-nt.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

https://www.santacruzdelapalma.es/sclapalma/node/441

https://mexico.pochteca.net/nitrato-de-sodio-chileno/
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16/05/2023
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3 comments
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Tengo varios años viviendo en esa zona de Chile. Cuando se sobrevuela, se constata lo inmensa y árida que es.

Saludos

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Tengo un amigo que vivió un par de años por allí cerca como cooperante en un proyecto social en un pequeño pueblo y me contaba lo mismo. Saludos

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