HIV prevention: Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
Today, a patient came to my chamber with an accidental exposure to HIV infection. The patient was a 28 years male whose father is a HIV infected patient for the last 23 years, along with diabetes mellitus (DM) for which he takes insulin. Today, when my patient was helping his father getting the insulin shot, he was stuck with the same insulin needle in one of his fingers. There was mild bleeding from the puncture site. He immediately squeezed out few drops of blood and washed the area with soap and water. Being too much afraid, he came to me for further advice.
PEP for accidental exposure in case of HIV :
The chances of getting the virus is 1 in 300 following a needle stick injury from a confirmed HIV patient. However, instead of testing the luck of falling in rest 299 people group, starting the post exposure prophylaxis ASAP is the best way of preventing the virus. The PEP should started within 6-8 hours of exposure. There is no point in stating PEP after 72 hours.
What are the drugs used as for PEP?
3 anti-retroviral drugs are prescribed. Tenofovir and emtricitabine are two must-have drugs in this combination.
How long PEP should be taken?
The treatment is for 4 weeks.
So, if anyone get a needle stick injury, from a confirmed HIV patient, he or she should rush to appropriate health facilities to start the PEP. Time is of the essence.
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